South Africa deploys troops as anti-migrant protests escalate

The South African government has deployed more than 3,400 soldiers across the country to support police and strengthen security as anti migrant protests continue to escalate, with organisers vowing to hold demonstrations every week.

The military deployment, authorised by President Cyril Ramaphosa, began on June 28 and is intended to help security forces respond swiftly to any violence or unrest. According to a letter released by Parliament, the operation will cost an estimated 54.6 million rand (about $3.4 million).

The latest protests, which have spread across major cities including Johannesburg, Durban, and Pretoria, have been driven by groups demanding tougher action against undocumented migrants. While many demonstrations have remained peaceful, some have turned violent, with incidents of looting, clashes, and attacks on businesses linked to foreign nationals. Police have arrested more than 900 people on charges including immigration violations, robbery, public violence, and harbouring undocumented migrants.

The unrest follows months of growing hostility toward migrants, many of whom have fled their homes and businesses out of fear. Protest organisers accuse undocumented immigrants of contributing to unemployment, crime, and pressure on public services. However, researchers and social scientists say there is little evidence to support these claims, noting that immigrants make up only about 4 percent of South Africa’s population.

The wave of protests has sparked concern across Africa and beyond. Several countries, including Nigeria, Malawi, Uganda, and Ghana, have begun evacuating or assisting citizens affected by the violence, while human rights organisations have condemned the attacks and called on South African authorities to ensure the safety of all residents regardless of nationality.

President Ramaphosa has acknowledged public concerns over illegal immigration but has stressed that immigration laws must be enforced by the state and not by vigilante groups. He has also condemned acts of violence and urged communities to remain calm as security forces work to maintain order.